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That's
me on a trail
(03/29/2004). As I get more pictures, these pages expand. I've gotten
enough
images of snakes to collect them on the snake pages. For most of
my
identification,
I'm using "Texas Snakes-a field guide", by James R. Dixon and John E.
Werler (2000, 2005)
06/05/2021 (posted
6/13/21) I
visit Fiorenza Park frequently . It's pretty close to home, it covers
362 acres, it has about 6 miles of trails and a wonderful collection of
wildlife.
I'd seen a number of interesting animals at the park (documented on
other pages), when
a Diamondback Water Snake (Nerodia rhombifer) came swimming by. I
followed it for a while,
trying to film it. Then another one came from
the opposite direction, so I followed that one back towards the
bridge. Another one came from across the channel, and I watched
that
one swim towards the bridge and over the sidewalk.
There's also a short video clip (mp4) showing
them moving around.
BEAUTIFUL
SWIMMING SNAKE
SWIMMING TOWARDS SUBMERGED BRIDGE
05/02/2021 Even with more "spare time"
it's taking me days to work on new material so I can post it. Part of
the reason is that I get more
new material before I've completed
editing of the previous new material--because I have more of that
"spare time" to go get the new material. Oh, darn. LOL
So, here's how my morning went at Brazos Bend State Park on 05/02/21.
I'd been staying near an
alligator, and paying attention the the alligator, and park visitors, I
didn't
look around much further. One of the visitors noticed a snake
nearby, so I went to look. It wasn't moving
and was mostly hidden,
but I'm pretty sure it was a Mississippi Green Water Snake (Nerodia
Cyclopion). The general dark-green color, the keeled scales,
and
the dark edges on
the scales around the lips (sometimes described as
looking like "threads") help me ID this as a water snake--but the
closeup shows that there's a row of scales between the bottom
edge of its eye, and the lip scales below it. Only N.
Cyclopian has this row of scales.
Mississipi Green
Water Snake (Nerodia Cyclopion).
08/13/2020 I caught a quick look at another Diamondback Watersnake at Fiorenza park, it's the image below.
04/25/2020 Like
almost everyone these days, I've been staying inside. I have
stopped driving around outside for...recreational purposes.
BBSP
is just too far away, AND, entrance protocol
to
the park has changed
dramatically (even for volunteers). So...I haven't been going there.
The parks in the city are generally pretty crowded (when they are open)
so I've been staying away
from them, too. Still,
it is possible to have a quiet walk anyway. For instance,
this
morning, just before sunrise, I took Piper for a walk.
The
first 2 pictures are the street that I walk along. Near the point where
I turn around to come back, I found a snake on the sidewalk.
It
was about 69 deg. F, and the snake was a bit slow.
I
released it into a nearby garden. Walked back along this road. Then a
little further along-if one stops at the right spot and then turns in
the right direction,-one can see the view I show
in the last picture. I can't go in there (and hopefully not
many people can), but it's a great sight! Snake is brown, with keeled
scales & pointed snout,should be a Rough Earth Snake
(Virginia striatula). (I used Texas Snakes
by Dixon and Werler to I.D. the snake.)
02/15/2020
While
visiting Archbishop Fiorenza Park (Phase II) I saw a few Dianmondback
Watersnakes (Nerodia rhombifer). The water here is often
pretty murky,
so once anything
submerges, that's it. I usually don't see it again.
The dark lines (sort of forming diamonds on the back) against
the
light grey background are good for identifying these. They're
the first and
second images below.
05/13/2017
At
Archbishop Fiorenza Park (phase II), I saw this Diamonback
Watersnake hunting and basking near the low bridge. Rough,
keeled
scales, light grey color with dark markings
that make a diamond
pattern down the middle of the back (and lines on the scales around the
mouth); reddish eyes with round pupils, the back of the head is
close to the size of the neck
when the snake is relaxed--all these
features togethe can help identify this snake (Nerodia rhombifer).
04/16/2017
Easter
Sunday is usually busy at Brazos Bend State Park. So, I usually bring
my bicycle to allow me to cover more of the trails. Today I rode about
16 miles,
repeating loops over the Elm Lake, Spillway, Pilant
Slough, Live Oak, and 40 Acre Lake trails. I was riding West on the
Spillway Trail when a couple of park visitors called my
attention
to a Barred Owl in a tree above the trail. Further description is on my
Owl Page.
Soon after, I noticed some
park visitors looking at something at
the edge of the trail about 20 paces East. When I went there, I saw a
beautiful Broadbanded Water Snake
in a high periscope position. I
explained that the snake was raising its head above the ground cover to
see what what around it, and that it probably intended to cross the
trail. The snake
lowered itself into the cover, and appeared again next
to the trail as a shorter periscope. And then...it crossed. This video shows the snake moving
across the trail. Notice how the markings
on
the snakes face cross the jawline, and the orange, black, red and brown
coloration. These markings clearly identify this snake and
differentiate it from any of the 3 venomous snakes
that might be encountered at the park.
03/27/2016 I
was riding my bicycle towards Elm Lake when I passed a snake on the
trail. When it didn't move as I rode
by, I assumed that it might be dead or wounded--perhaps
run
over by a bicycle earlier. So I turned around and went back to the
snake. It was a nice speciman of a Broadbanded Water Snake (one of our
prettiest snakes). Water snakes in
general do not take kindly to
being handled, and will often strike at hands put near them. So, I was
careful as I approached the snake. I gently prodded it with a small
twig, and it
moved, and flicked its tongue. So, I decided to try
to pick it up. I just slid my hand under it, and lifted it on my palm.
The snake rested there until it seemed to warm up, and began
moving
around. So I released it. It was a bit cool this morning, but I didn't
think it was chilly enough to cause the snake to be torpid. I any case,
it moved off into the grass.
11/25/2015
It was cold this morning-about 42� F when I got to the park-but
sunny.
As the day progressed, it did start to warm. At about 11 am, I heard
the soft call of a frog
in
distress, and I looked for it. I knew that I have a relatively short
time to find the frog (and usually, the snake that has it) before the
frog is gone. I got lucky
and found the snake. It was hidden in the
grass, but I was able to find the snake. It was well hidden
by
the grass, and I stayed back enough to avoid disturbing the snake
(this
was about 8 feet away). Through manipulation of the camera, and some
luck, I was able to get focussed on the snake, and filmed what I could
through a small gap in the
cover. Images below are frame grabs from the video clips. I have edited
the clips together and the result can be seen here. This is probably
another Gulf Coast Ribbon Snake.
Ribbon
Snakes are non-venomous, and are not constrictors. Therefore, they have
no way to quickly immobilize their prey-so they have to struggle with
it once it's been caught.
They seem to snag frogs by a back
leg--probably because the frog leaps as the snake strikes. The snake's
hooklike teeth take hold, and then it works the jaws and teeth to work
the prey into its mouth (or to work the snake over the prey). It can
still happen fairly quickly, unless the frog is large, relative to the
snake's head. Then it can be an extended
tug-of-war, but the snake seems to usually be successful. I have not
found any information on why
the frog makes the sound when it has been seized. Perhaps it's trying
to
get the attention of a larger predator--which could eat the snake.
I
was suprised to see a snake moving around in such cool
weather--especially one that was hunting! The ground where
the
snake was hidden was
tilted towards the sun
and
had been getting warmer, but the air temperature was still probably
around 50� F. In the book How Snakes Work by Harvey B.
Lillywhite, it says that snakes generally
"prefer" a body
temperature of 29� - 34� C (page 109). That's 84.2� - 93.2� F;
and
quite a bit warmer than it was this morning. In the same book, it
refers to a behavior
called "acclimatization" in reptiles. This is
a tendency for the "preferred body temperature" to shift (within
limits) if the average environmental temperature has changed
to a
higher or lower range for a period of time (i.e. seasonally).
This means that the snake make actually be able to function
properly at lower temperatures than normal due
to changes in body
chemistry. In the case here, we had just experienced a cold front which
had dropped the temperature at least 20 degrees, but it was a
relatively short-term
event. Within a few days, temperature had
returned to 60's-70's. BUT...we are in the fall season, so
the
snakes may acclimatize regardless.
Here's what I what I was wearing that day, because it was cold (below
left).
And
near Noon, smaller alligators (generally 3 - 6 feet) came out of the
water, like this 5-footer. This is discussed in Biology and
Evolution of Crocodylians, by Grigg and
Kirshner. I'm still
working my way through the section on thermoregulation, but I can see
that it is not a simple matter for alligators. Many factors influence
whether or not
a particular alligator will come out of the water to
bask. In fact, the connection between basking and thermoregulation is
not clear--especially for larger animals.
Above some size, body mass
allows the crocodilian to maintain a very stable "thermal
inertia"--which means that the internal temperature changes very little
over the course
of 24 hours. Generally, smaller animals (say less
than 5' long) warm faster (and can't hold their breath as long either,
but that's another issue) and cool faster than larger
animals.
Depth of the water is probably a factor, too--deeper water isn't going
to cool as fast as shallower water. So, along the section of trail
where I was, the average
water depth may be about 4', and the smaller gators came out
to try to warm themselves. Not
many did, but I didn't see any larger ones come out of the water at all
in that area;
although a showed their heads at the surface.
12/14/2014 Not Snakes and Ladders-Snakes
and 'Gators!! On this Sunday, I spent a few hours by the
mother alligator and her babies.
Clouds began covering the sky about 12, so I packed up my scope and
moved to 40 Acre Lake. Near the
South end of the East part of the trail, an alligator was up on the
bank. I stayed near
it for a while, to talk to any park visitors
that came by. I saw a group of people moving towards me, so I moved to
the side of the trail across from the alligator. While I was moving
off the trail,
I looked down at the leaves...and noticed black scales
glistening in the shadows. I carefully brushed some of the
leaves
away, and revealed a beautiful Mud Snake.
Since the snake was
just off the trail, and directly across from the alligator, I stood
very close to it, so noone who was avoiding the alligator would step on
the snake. Although they were
interested in the alligator, but when
I pointed out the snake hidden the grass near me (it was about 3 feet
long) they decided it was time to move on. When the group
left, I
decided I'd better
move the snake a litte further off the trail, so no
one would step on it. I gently picked it up, and used the opportunity
to take some pictures
of it. The snake was very calm an cooperative. The
shiny, "black"
scales at the top, and the bright red underside are easy identifiers
for the Mud Snake. After a few pictures, I placed it closer
to the Pilant
Slough overflow, and moved back a few
steps to give it space.
When I
stopped, I looked back and down and noticed-curled up a couple feet
from the water-another snake.This one was a Cottonmouth. It didn't
move while I watched it, and I took some
pictures of the Cottonmouth.
Then the Mud Snake started to move, so I took a step closer to that.
While I was watching the Mud Snake, I heard the peep/splash of a frog
hitting the water.
When I looked that way, I saw the Cottonmouth
slowly moving towards the water and moving under the leaf cover. Soon,
I was alone with the alligator again, so I moved on down the
trail.
NOTE: I know the heading of this
page is "non-venomous 4", and the Cottonmouth is venomous. But, it was next to the Mud
Snake, so I left the stories together.
With
the weather cooling that afternoon, I was probably watching two methods
of snakes thermoregulating. In the book "How Snakes Work" by Harvey B.
Lillywhite, there are examples of different
methods used by snakes
to keep their Preferred Body Temperature (PBT) at the correct level.
Many snakes have a PBT of about 29-34 degrees C (page 109). This is
84.2 - 93.2 degrees F.
Sometimes a snake can use leaves as
insulation. (p. 107) It appeared that the Mud Snake was using the
leaves. Meanwhile, the Cottonmouth was still lying on top of the
leaves, trying to get direct solar
energy. Also
interesting is that the preferred body temperature of a snake can vary
with the season. That is, if the average daily temperature changes to a
different constant, then the snake's PTB
could shift with it; so that its body will work most efficiently at the
"new" temperature.
These changes are produced by the snake altering its chemistry (by
adjusting the levels of various enzymes). Also,
these changes are reversable!
This is called "acclimatization" when it happens in the wild, or
"acclimation" when inducedin a laboratory. (p. 110)
Gaining or losing heat by movement and use of external heat sources is
called "Behavioral Thermoregulation". (p.105)
Why do
snakes thermoregulate? According to the book, (p.113) 2 main reasons
are:
1)
to avoid extreme temperatures that would threaten their lives. For
instance, to avoid getting so cold that they cannot move enough to
avoid freezing.
2) to help their bodies function at peak efficiency.
For example, for proper digestion, or for coordinated nerve/muscle
function during hunting.
It
wasn't
a small bird. It was a small frog! A Green Tree Frog (hyla
cinerea),
and it had been caught by a Ribbon Snake (thamnophis proximus).
It was really difficult to see amongst the leaves,
and the tree swaying
in the gusts of wind didn't help. I finally found the snake with the
viewfinder
of my camera, and snapped one picture. Then, I set up the video camera,
found the snake with
that, and left it on the tripod to film while I tried
to take some more still images. Unfortunately, with the teleconverter
and
the movement, I had a really hard time finding the snake again, and only
shot one more still image.
I
did
get more with the video camera, though.
---
PECULIAR
FRUIT
BETTER CLOSEUP VIEW
EATING WITHOUT LIMBS
COMPLETED MEAL
I
did
get more with the video camera, though. The first two images above
(PECULIAR,
CLOSEUP) are from the first still image, cropped and resized. I've read
in many places that snakes
usually eat their prey headfirst, to allow for
easier folding of the limbs as it is swallowed. This frog is going in
rear
legs first. Consider the amazing feat of catching and eating this
meal---without
any limbs! The snake had to climb the tree, stalk the frog and then
catch
it. Then, with the frog still very much alive, the snake has to
manipulate
the frog down its throat AND STILL HOLD
ONTO THE TREE--all without the
aid of any limbs. The snake used a combination of specialized muscles
and
scales to climb the tree and hold itself in place. The frog is trapped,
and
manipulated by extremely sharp teeth. Each of these teeth are curves
so their points are towards the snake's throat. Moving away from the
throat
causes the points to dig in, and the teeth to
hold. The only way to easily
get free of the teeth is to move down the throat. The process is helped
by the snake's full control over the actual shape of its jaws. Each
side
can move independently
to work alternatively to pull in, or to grab. The
third image above (WITHOUT LIMBS) is a frame from a short clip (
SNAKE w FROG mp4)
that shows some of this action. The clip is edited
from much longer footage
to remove the swaying of the tree and to shorten the clip. I've also
cropped
it from the full-frame clip. The last image above (COMPLETED MEAL)
shows
the snake
resting after its meal. It's the only other picture I was
able to take.
I've
heard the occasional cry of a frog being eaten, and sometimes I've
found
the frog in the clutches of a snake---sometimes I
never find it. I wonder
why
frogs make this sound. It's unique, and once heard, is not easily
forgotten.
It just sometimes blends in with the various other cries and calls from
birds and insects, so
I don't notice it. Is this a reflex? Is the intent
to call attention to the frog, and the snake, so a predator may appear
and attack the snake? Is it to warn other frogs? I understand they are
not social,
but this kind of programming would serve to minimize damage
of the frogs in a particular location by a hunting snake.
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